The government of India released the results of its recent decennial census. The provisional results indicated that the population of India has grown by about 17.64% between 2001 and 2011. The population of India, 1.21 billion, is now almost equal to the combined population of USA, Indonesia, Brazil, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Japan put together and will likely exceed 1.4 billion by 2030,surpassing China’s population and making India the world’s most populous nation. India’s population in 1901 was about 238.4 million. Some demographers forecast that India’s population by mid-century will grow by more than 500 million and that its population may grow close to the 2.0 billion mark before finally stabilizing 50 or 60 years from now. Much depends on how fast birth rates fall in Northern India, where women on average have 4-5 children.
http://blog.populationinstitute.org/2011/04/30/the-great-indian-paradox/